Underwing pattern of unidentified Arhopala species, Selangor (Peninsular Malaysia)
Arhopala is a very large genus of gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). They are the type genus of the tribe Arhopalini. In the relatively wide circumscription used here, it contains over 200 species collectively known as oakblues. They occur from Japan throughout temperate to tropical Asia south and east of the Himalayas to Australia and the Solomon Islands of Melanesia. Like in many of their relatives, their caterpillars are attended and protected by ants (myrmecophily); sexual dichromatism is often prominent in adult oakblues.

The genus' delimitation versus Amblypodia and Flos has proven to be problematic; not all issues are resolved and the assignment of species to these genera must be considered somewhat provisional.

Systematics

As circumscribed here, this genus includes many formerly independent genera. Junior synonyms of Arhopala are:

Acesina Moore, 1884
Aurea Evans, 1957
Daranasa Moore, 1884 (lapsus)
Darasana Moore, 1884
"Iois" Doherty, 1899 (nomen nudum)
Narathura Moore, 1879
Nilasera Moore, 1881
Panchala Moore, 1882
Satadra Moore, 1884
The species have been provisionally sorted into groups of presumed closest relatives, but many species remain insufficiently studied even for such a preliminary assessment at present. For example, A. phryxus – the type species used by Jean Baptiste Boisduval when he described Arhopala in 1832 – was established at the same time as and specifically for this genus. It is considered to be a valid species of unclear affiliations, but it is suspected that Boisduval's taxon is a junior synonym of A. thamyras – the namesake of its species-group – which had been described as Papilio thamyras by Carl Linnaeus in 1764 already.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have only sampled a fraction of the known diversity of oakblues, but as it seems at least some of the groups represent clades that could justifiably be treated as subgenera. It is also to be seen, however, if the genus is monophyletic in the loose sense as used here, or would need to be split up again.

Species are listed alphabetically, while the groups are listed in the presumed phylogenetic sequence:


Bright Oakblue (Arhopala madytus: centaurus group)

Anthelus Bushblue (Arhopala anthelus: anthelus group)

Male Opal Oakblue (Arhopala opalina: camdeo group)

Female Tytler's Rosy Oakblue (Arhopala allata allata: oenea group) upperside (left) and underside

Arhopala alitaeus mirabella (alitaeus group)

Male De Niceville's Oakblue (Arhopala agrata: agrata group)

Male Sylhet Oakblue (Arhopala silhetensis: cleander group)

Female Arhopala horsfieldi (eumolphus group)

Malayan Oakblue (Arhopala ammon: ganesa group)
centaurus group (subgenus Nilasera if valid)

Arhopala acron
Arhopala adherbal Grose-Smith, 1902
Arhopala admete (Hewitson, 1863)
Arhopala aexone (Hewitson, )
Arhopala alkisthenes Fruhstorfer, 1914
Arhopala amantes – Large Oakblue
Arhopala ander
Arhopala araxes C. & R.Felder,
Arhopala azenia
Arhopala centaurus – Centaur Oakblue, Dull Oakblue
Arhopala eurisus
Arhopala kirwinii Bethune-Baker, 1903
Arhopala leander
Arhopala madytus – Bright Oakblue
Arhopala meander Boisduval, 1832
Arhopala micale
Arhopala philander C. & R.Felder,
Arhopala pseudocentaurus (Doubleday, 1847)
Arhopala sophrosyne
Arhopala styx
Arhopala wanda
agesias group

Arhopala agesias (Hewitson, 1862)
Arhopala ijanensis Bethune-Baker, 1897 (tentatively placed here)
Arhopala kinabala Druce, 1895
Arhopala similis Druce, 1895
anthelus group (subgenus Narathura if valid)

Arhopala achelous (Hewitson, 1862)
Arhopala antharita Grose-Smith, 1894
Arhopala anthelus – Anthelus Bushblue
Arhopala auxesia
Arhopala aedias (Hewitson, 1862) (tentatively placed here)
Arhopala hypomuta (Hewitson, 1862) (tentatively placed here)
camdeo group

camdeo subgroup
Arhopala anarte (Hewitson, 1862) – Magnificent Oakblue
Arhopala belphoebe Doherty, 1889
Arhopala camdana Corbet, 1941
Arhopala camdeo (Moore, ) – Lilac Oakblue
Arhopala dispar Riley & Godfrey, 1921
Arhopala hayashihisakazui Seki & Treadaway, 2013
Arhopala hellada Fruhstorfer, 1914
Arhopala johoreana Corbet, 1941
Arhopala opalina – Opal Oakblue
Arhopala semperi Bethune-Baker, 1896
Arhopala varro Fruhstorfer, 1914
myrzala subgroup
Arhopala bazaloides – Tamil Oakblue
Arhopala myrzala (Hewitson, 1869)
Arhopala myrzalina Corbet, 1941
oenea group

Arhopala allata
Arhopala allata suffusa – Tytler's Rosy Oakblue
Arhopala khamti Doherty, 1891 – Khamti Oakblue, Doherty's Dull Oakblue
Arhopala oenea (Hewitson, 1869) – Hewitson's Oakblue
epimuta group

Arhopala atosia (Hewitson, )
Arhopala epimuta (Moore, )
Arhopala lurida Corbet, 1941
amphimuta group

amphimuta subgroup
Arhopala alica (Evans, 1957)
Arhopala amphimuta (C. & R.Felder, 1860)
Arhopala avathina Corbet, 1941
Arhopala baluensis Bethune-Baker, 1904
Arhopala dajagaka Bethune-Baker, 1896
Arhopala delta (Evans, 1957)
Arhopala inornata (C. & R.Felder, 1860) (tentatively placed here)
Arhopala kurzi (Distant, 1885)
Arhopala major (Staudinger, 1889)
Arhopala moolaiana (Moore, )
Arhopala norda (Evans, 1957)
Arhopala sceva Bethune-Baker, 1903
Arhopala stubbsi Eliot, 1962
Arhopala zylda Corbet, 1941
muta subgroup
Arhopala moorei Bethune-Baker, 1896
Arhopala muta (Hewitson, 1862)
Arhopala tropaea Corbet, 1941
perimuta subgroup (subgenus Darasana if valid)
Arhopala antimuta C. & R.Felder,
Arhopala metamuta (Hewitson, )
Arhopala perimuta (Moore, ) – Yellow-disk Tailless Oakblue
agesilaus group

Arhopala agesilaus (Staudinger, 1889)
Arhopala avatha de Nicéville,
Arhopala democritus (Fabricius, 1793) (tentatively placed here)
alitaeus group

Arhopala aida de Nicéville, 1889
Arhopala alitaeus
Arhopala ariana (Evans, )
Arhopala arianaga Corbet, 1941
Arhopala denta (Evans, 1957)
Arhopala elopura Druce, 1894
Arhopala havilandi Bethune-Baker, 1896
Arhopala pseudomuta (Staudinger, 1889)
Arhopala sintanga Corbet, 1948
agrata group

Arhopala ace de Nicéville, – Tytler's Oakblue
Arhopala agrata – De Niceville's Oakblue
Arhopala azinis de Nicéville,
cleander group

cleander subgroup
Arhopala aruana
Arhopala ate
Arhopala athada (Staudinger, 1889)
Arhopala cleander (C.Felder, 1860)
Arhopala silhetensis – Sylhet Oakblue
Arhopala zambra Swinhoe,
alea subgroup
Arhopala aenigma Eliot, 1972
Arhopala agaba – Purple-glazed Oakblue
Arhopala alea – Rosy Oakblue
Arhopala aroa (Hewitson, )
Arhopala aurelia (Evans, )
Arhopala evansi Corbet, 1941
Arhopala milleri Corbet, 1941
Arhopala normani Eliot, 1972
Arhopala phaenops C. & R.Felder, (including A. detrita)
Arhopala phanda Corbet, 1941
Arhopala ralanda Corbet, 1941
Arhopala selta (Hewitson, 1869)
Arhopala sublustris Bethune-Baker, 1904
Arhopala vihara (C. & R. Felder, 1860) (tentatively placed here)
eumolphus group

Arhopala acta (Evans, 1957)
Arhopala asma
Arhopala bazalus – Powdered Oakblue
Arhopala chamaeleona Bethune-Baker, 1903
Arhopala corinda (Hewitson, 1869) (tentatively placed here)
Arhopala critala
Arhopala eumolphus – Green Oakblue
Arhopala florinda
Arhopala hellenore Doherty, 1889 – Doherty's Green Oakblue
Arhopala horsfieldi
Arhopala irma Fruhstorfer, 1914
Arhopala nobilis (Felder, 1860)
Arhopala overdijkinki Corbet, 1941
Arhopala pagenstecheri
Arhopala tameanga Bethune-Baker, 1896
Arhopala wildei
rama group

Arhopala arvina (Hewitson, ) – Purple-brown Tailless Oakblue
Arhopala buddha Bethune-Baker, 1903
Arhopala paralea – Glazed Oakblue
Arhopala rama – Dark Himalayan Oakblue
agelastus group

Arhopala agelastus (Hewitson, 1862)
Arhopala alaconia (Hewitson, 1869)
Arhopala alesia – Pallid Oakblue
Arhopala barami Bethune-Baker, 1903
Arhopala cardoni Corbet, 1941
Arhopala epimete (Staudinger, 1889)
Arhopala labuana Bethune-Baker, 1896
Arhopala wildeyana Corbet, 1941
fulla group

Arhopala disparilis
Arhopala fulla (Hewitson, 1862) – Spotless Oakblue
aurea group (subgenus Aurea if valid)

Arhopala aurea (Hewitson, 1862)
Arhopala borneensis Bethune-Baker, 1896
Arhopala caeca (Hewitson, )
Arhopala stinga (Evans, 1957)
Arhopala trogon (Distant, 1884)
ganesa group (subgenus Panchala if valid)

Arhopala ammon – Malayan Oakblue
Arhopala ammonides (Doherty, 1891)
Arhopala ariel (Doherty, 1891)
Arhopala elizabethae (Eliot, 1959)
Arhopala ganesa – Tailless Bushblue
Arhopala paraganesa (de Nicéville, 1882) – Dusky Bushblue
arhopala tomokoae (H. Hayashi, 1976)
abseus group

Arhopala abseus – Aberrant Oakblue, Aberrant Bushblue
Arhopala anella de Nicéville,
thamyras group

Arhopala arta
Arhopala axina
Arhopala axiothea
Arhopala doreena
Arhopala helianthes
Arhopala thamyras (Linnaeus, 1764)
hercules group

Arhopala hercules (Hewitson, 1862)
Arhopala herculina Staudinger, 1888
Arhopala leo
Arhopala sophilus
Arhopala tyrannus
Incertae sedis


Male Burmese Bushblue (Arhopala birmana)

Hooked Oakblue (Arhopala paramuta)
Arhopala aberrans (de Nicéville, ) – Pale Bushblue
Arhopala acetes
Arhopala aeeta de Nicéville,
Arhopala alax – Silky Oakblue
Arhopala alexandrae Schröder & Treadaway, 1978
Arhopala anamuta Semper, 1890
Arhopala annulata (Felder, 1860)
Arhopala argentea Staudinger, 1888
Arhopala aronya (Hewitson, 1869)
Arhopala arsenius (C. & R.Felder, )
Arhopala asinarus C. & R.Felder,
Arhopala asopia (Hewitson, ) – Plain Tailless Oakblue
Arhopala atrax – Dark Broken-band Oakblue, Indian Oakblue (type species of Satadra)
Arhopala bella Bethune-Baker, 1896
Arhopala birmana – Burmese Bushblue
Arhopala brooksiana Corbet, 1941
Arhopala canaraica (Moore, 1884)
Arhopala comica de Nicéville, 1900 – Comic Oakblue
Arhopala curiosa (Evans, 1957)
Arhopala davaona Semper, 1890
Arhopala dodonaea – Pale Himalayan Oakblue
Arhopala dohertyi Bethune-Baker, 1903
Arhopala ellisi Evans, 1914 – Ellis's Bushblue
Arhopala eridanus
Arhopala grandimuta Seki, 1993
Arhopala halma
Arhopala halmaheira
Arhopala hellenoroides Chou & Gu, 1994
Arhopala hesba (Hewitson, 1869)
Arhopala hinigugma Takanami, 1985
Arhopala hylander
Arhopala ilocana Osada & Hashimoto, 1987
Arhopala irregularis Bethune-Baker, 1903
Arhopala japonica – Japanese Oakblue
Arhopala lata (Evans, 1957)
Arhopala luzonensis Takanami & Ballantine, 1987
Arhopala matsutaroi (H. Hayashi, 1979)
Arhopala mindanensis
Arhopala mizunumai
Arhopala myrtha (Staudinger, 1889)
Arhopala nakamotoi
Arhopala nicevillei Bethune-Baker, 1903
Arhopala ocrida (Hewitson, 1869)
Arhopala ormistoni – Ormiston's Oakblue
Arhopala pabihira
Arhopala paramuta – Hooked Oakblue
Arhopala phryxus Boisduval, 1832
Arhopala pseudovihara (H. Hayashi, 1981)
Arhopala qiongdaoensis Chou & Gu, 1994
Arhopala quercoides
Arhopala rudepoema Seki,
Arhopala sakaguchii (H. Hayashi, 1981)
Arhopala sangira Bethune-Baker, 1897
Arhopala schroederi
Arhopala siabra
Arhopala simoni Schröder & Treadaway, 1999
Arhopala singla (de Nicéville, 1885) – Yellow-disk Oakblue
Arhopala staudingeri Semper, 1890
Arhopala straatmani
Arhopala tephlis
Arhopala theba (Hewitson, )
Arhopala tindongani Nuyda & Takanami, 1990
Arhopala trionaea Semper, 1890 (camdeo group?)
Arhopala weelii
Arhopala zeta

source - Wikipedia