Spirobolida

by - February 12, 2020






Not to be confused with Spirostreptida.
Spirobolida is an order of "round-backed" millipedes containing approximately 500 species in 12 families. Its members are distinguished by the presence of a "pronounced suture that runs "vertically down the front of the head". Most of the species live in the tropics, and many are brightly coloured. Mature males have two pairs of modified legs, the gonopods, consisting of the 8th and 9th leg pair: the posterior gonopods are used in sperm-transfer while the anterior gonopods are fused into a single plate-like structure.


Front and rear views of the anterior (A, B) and posterior left (C, D) gonopods of a spriobolidan
The families are divided into two suborders:

Suborder Spirobolidea

Allopocockiidae
Atopetholidae
Floridobolidae
Hoffmanobolidae
Messicobolidae
Pseudospirobolellidae
Rhinocricidae
Spirobolellidae
Spirobolidae
Typhlobolellidae
Suborder Trigoniulidea

Pachybolidae
Trigoniulidae
^ a b Shear, W. (2011). "Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 159–164.
^ a b Stephen P. Hopkin & Helen J. Read (1992). "Taxonomy, evolution, and zoogeography". The Biology of millipedes. Oxford University Press. pp. 8–23. ISBN 978-0-19-857699-0.
^ "Putative apomorphies of millipede clades" (PDF). Milli-PEET: Millipede Systematics. The Field Museum, Chicago, IL. 26 September 2006.
Select species

Narceus americanus, a commonly seen species in eastern North America
Crurifarcimen vagans, the "Wandering Leg Sausage"
Anadenobolus monilicornis, the Yellow-banded Millipede
Eucarlia, a genus of threatened Indo-Pacific millipedes

source - Wikipedia
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