The book of earth: March 2020

World ocean

The World Ocean or Global Ocean is the interconnected system of Earth's oceanic waters, and comprises the bulk of the hydrosphere, covering 361,132,000 square kilometers of Earth's surface, with a total volume of 1,332,000,000 cubic kilometers.

1. Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
area - 16,53,84,000 sq km
deepest area - Mariana trap
depth - 11776 mt
Water volume-710,000,000 km³ (170,000,000 cu mi)
Did you know- the Pacific Ocean is the third-largest drainage basin in the world by basin area (20,300,000 sq. km).

2.Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about 106,460,000 square kilometers. It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area.

area - 822,17,000 sq km
deepest area - Puerto Rico Trench
depth - 9,200
Did you know: The Atlantic Ocean is the largest drainage basin in the world by basin area (69,800,000 sq. km)

3.indian ocean

worlds most beautiful Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km2 (27,240,000 sq mi) (about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after India.

area - 7,34,81000
deepest area- java trap
depth - 7,540 sq km
Did you know- The Indian Ocean is the fourth-largest drainage basin in the world by basin area (19,400,000 sq. Km).

4.arctic ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, the classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It is also seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.

area - 1,39,86,000
deepest area - Chukchi
depth - 3658mt
Did you know - The Arctic Ocean is the second-largest drainage basin in the world by basin area (23,100,000 sq. Km).

5.Antarctic Ocean

The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, usually taken to be south of 60 ° S latitude and encircling Antarctica.
area - 20.33 million sqm
deepest area - sandwich trap
depth - 3737 mt
Did you know: The Southern Ocean is the fifth-largest drainage basin in the world by basin area (14,000,000 sq. Km).

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World's main islands

Greenland (North Antarctica Sea)

Area(in sqm)- 21,75,000

Greenland is a massive island and autonomous Danish territory between the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Much of its land surface is covered in ice. Most of its small population lives along the ice-free, fjord-lined coast, especially in the southwest. Its northerly position, largely above the Arctic Circle, results in natural phenomena such as summer's midnight sun and winter's Northern Lights.

New Guinea (Pacific Ocean)

Area (in sqkm)- 7,89,900

New Guinea is a great island off of the continent of Australia. It is the world's second-biggest island, after Greenland, covering a land area of 785,753 km², and the largest full or partly within the Southern Hemisphere and Oceania.

Borneo (Pacific Ocean

Area(in sqkm)- 7,51,000

Borneo, a giant, rugged island in Southeast Asia's Malay Archipelago, is shared by the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, Indonesian Kalimantan and the small nation of Brunei. It's known for its beaches and ancient, biodiverse rainforest, home to wildlife including orangutans and clouded leopards. In Sabah is 4,095m-tall Mount Kinabalu, the island's highest peak, and, offshore, the famed dive site Sipadan Island.

Madagascar (Indian Ocean)

Area(in sqm)-5,87041

Madagascar is a great island nation. It's home to thousands of animal species, such as lemurs, found here else, plus rainforests, beaches, and reefs. Near the busy capital, Antananarivo is Ambohimanga, a hillside complex of royal palaces and burial grounds, as well as the "Avenue of the Baobabs," a dirt road lined by massive centuries-old trees.

Baffin (Canada)

Area(in sqkm)-507451

Baffin Island, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km² and its population is about 11,000.

Sumatra (Indonesia)

Area(in sqkm)- 422,200

Sumatra, a large Indonesian island west of Java and the south of the Malay Peninsula, is known for its rugged tropical terrain, wildlife and smoldering volcanoes. To the north, the city of Banda Aceh, which was devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, has a museum commemorating the disaster. Bustling Medan, the island's biggest city, is a diverse economic hub and gateway to North Sumatra.

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Major Deserts of the World

1.sahara

The Sahara is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometers is comparable to the area of China or the United States.

area - 90,65000 sq km
in countries - Algeria, Chad, Libya, Mali,
Nigel, Sudan, Tunisia, mister (Egypt), Morocco, Libya

2.great sandy dessert

The Great Sandy Desert is an intermediate Australian bioregion, located in the North West of Western Australia, the Pilbara, and southern Kimberley regions.
area - 15,50000 sq km
in the country - Australia

3.arab

The Arabian Desert is a vast desert wilderness in Western Asia. It stretches from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq. It occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula, with an area of 2,330,000 square kilometers.
area - 13,00,000 sq km
in country - Saudi Arab, Yemen, Syria

4.gobi

The Gobi Desert is a vast, arid region in northern China and southern Mongolia. It's known for its dunes, mountains and rare animals such as snow leopards and Bactrian camels. In the Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park, the Khongoryn Els sand dunes were said to sing the wind blows. The park also features the deep ice field of Yolyn Am canyon. Dinosaur fossils have been found at the Red "Flaming Cliffs" of Bayanzag.
area - 10,40000 sq km
in country - Mongolia, China

5.Kalahari

The Kalahari Desert is a large semi-arid sandy savanna in Southern Africa extending for 900,000 square kilometers, covering much of Botswana, parts of Namibia and regions of South Africa.
area - 5,20000
in the country - Botswana

6.taklamakan

The Taklamakan Desert also spelled "Taklimakan" and "Teklimakan", is a desert in the southwest, Xinjiang, Uyghur Autonomous Region, northwest China.
area - 3,200,000 sq km
in country - china

7.namib

The Namib is a coastal desert in southern Africa. The name is Namib and the "vast place"
area - 3,10000 sq km
in the country - Namibia

8. thar

The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of 200,000 km² and forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan.

area - 2,60000
in the country - India (India), Pakistan

9.Atacama

The Atacama Desert is a place in South America, covering a 1000-km strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains.

area - 1,80000 sq km
country - north chili

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1.Himalaya

in Asian
highest range - mount Everest (Nepal)
elevation - 8850mt
The Himalayas, or the Himalayas, create mountain ranges in Asia, which separates the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan Mountains are the highest peaks in the earth, including the highest, Mount Everest.

2.Andes

South America
highest range - Aconcagua (Argentina)
elevation - 6992mt
Endeavor, running alongside the South American side, is one of the world's longest mountain ranges. Its various areas include glaciers, volcanoes, grasslands, deserts, lakes and jungle. Mountain shelter pre-Columbian archaeological sites and wildlife including Chinchillas and condors. From Venezuela in the north, the border passes through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.

3.karakoram

Asia
highest range - Godwin Austin (K2) India (India)
highest elevation - 8,611
The Karakoram, or the Karakoram, is a large mountain range extending across the borders of Pakistan, India, and China, along with the north-west extremity of the border extending to Afghanistan and Tajikistan.

4.great dividing range

Australia
highest range - mount Kosciusko (Australia)
highest elevation - 2230mt
The Great Division Range, or East Highlands, is Australia's most important mountain range and is the world's third-longest land-based border.

5.alps

Europe
highest range -mount blanc - France
highest elevation - 4810mt
Alps (/ ælps /; French: Alps [ALP]; German: Alpen [Alpine]; Italian: Alpi [Alpi]; Roman: Alps; Slovene: Alpe [áːlpɛ]) are the tallest and most comprehensive mountain range systems that lie There are approximately 1,200 kilometers (750 miles) spread across eight Alpine countries (from west to east) in Europe: France, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The mountains were built-in millions of years as a collision of African and Eurasian tectonic plates. Due to the eventual shocking due to the event, marine sediments rocked by emphasizing the high mountain peak like Mont Blanc and Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spreads the French-Italian border, and 4,810 meters (15,781 feet) is the highest mountain in the Alps. The alpine area covers more than 4,000 meters (13,000 feet) of peak

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World's major Plateau

1.Asia Miner Plateau - Turki

Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor, Asian Turkey, the Anatolian Peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.

2.Anatolia Plateau - Turki

Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor, Asian Turkey, the Anatolian Peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.

3.meseta Plateau - Spain

Meseta (Spanish for "plateau") may refer to Mesa, a geological plateau; Meseta Central ("Inner Plateau"), the high plains of central Spain.

4.chiyapas Plateau - South Mexico

The Sierra Madre de Chiapas is a major mountain range in Central America. The Sierra Madre ... Depression, which separates the Sierra Madre from the Chiapas Plateau, the Guatemalan Highlands, and Honduras' interior highlands.

5.alaska Plateau / Ukraine - America

The Chukchi Plateau or Chuchchi Cap is a large subsea formation extending north from the Alaskan margin in the Arctic Ocean.

6.Columbia Plateau- America

The Columbia Plateau or Columbia Basin is a geographic region located almost entirely in Eastern Washington and north-central Oregon-with the eastern edge spilling over in North Idaho.

7.great basin plateau - America

The Great Basin is the largest region of the endowferic watershed compatible in North America. ... Defined Great Basin: It includes some parts of Arizona in the north of the Serpent River Plain, the Colorado Plateau, UINTA Basin, and the Mogollon Rim.

8.Colorado Plateau - America

The Colorado Plateau, also known as the Colorado Plateau province, is a geographical and desert area of intermontane plateaus, almost centered on the four corners of the southwestern United States.

9.Greenland Plateau - Greenland

Greenland is about the same size as the Plateau of Tibet. On the contrary, there is a complete barrier to the advance of air on a cold source and sea level. Snow plateau flowing at the level of the air plateau. Normal slope towards North and West causes a Kabbatic land on the west coast to the wind. In its movements from Cape Farewell, so-called Iceland lowers the Spitzbergen halfway from the north or north-east to the air due to the current air which causes ice to Cape Farewell throughout the year. Earth's rotation by the rotation of the Earth changes the flow of the Cape and occasionally takes 100-200 km of snow on the west coast. But for the most years the air is from the North while the saltwater moves from the south.

10.Pamirs Plateau - Tibet

The Himalayan Plateau is also known for the Tibetan Plateau, it has a vast plateau in Central Asia and East Asia, which includes Tibet Autonomous Region in Western China and Qinghai as well as J & K, Ladakh region in India. It spreads from about 1000 kilometers (620 miles) north to south and 2,500 kilometers (1,600 miles) east to west. With an average elevation of more than 4,500 meters (14,800 feet), the Tibetan plateau is sometimes called "the roof of the world" because it is more than 3 miles (4.8 km) above sea level and surrounded by two ports of the world Surrounded is the world's highest and largest plateau with the highest summit, Mount Everest and K2, and 2,500,000 square kilometers (970,000 square miles) (about five times the size of Metropolitan France). Sometimes the third pole is said to be, the drainage of most streams in the surrounding areas in the Tibetan Plateau is the headwaters of the valley. Thousands of glaciers and other geographical and ecological features act as "water tower" to maintain water storage and flow. The impact of global warming on the Tibetan Plateau is profoundly scientific.

11.mexico's Plateau-Mexico

The Central Mexican Plateau, also known as the Mexican Altiplano, is a large arid-to-semiarid plateau that occupies much of northern and central Mexico.

12.mongolian Plateau-Mongolia

The Mongolian Plateau is the part of the Central Asian Plateau lying between 37°46′-53°08′N and 87°40′-122°15′E and having an area of approximately 3,200,000 square kilometers.

13.bolivia plateau - Bolivia

The Altiplano, Collao, Andean Plateau or Bolivian Plateau, in west-central South America, is the area where the Andes are the widest. It is the most extensive area of high plateau on Earth outside Tibet.

14.Dekshini Plateau - India (India)

Deccan Plateau
The Deccan Plateau, also known as the Giant Peninsular Plateau, is India's largest plateau. The mainland area of south India is located on this plateau. This plateau is triangular. Its northern boundary is determined by the Satpura and Vindhyachal mountain ranges, and the eastern and western boundaries are respectively determined by the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats. This plateau is spread across 8 states of India.

15.iranian Plateau - Iran

The Iranian Plateau or the Persian Plateau is a geological formation in Western Asia and Central Asia.

16.Abyssinian Plateau - Ethiopia / Somalia

The Abyssinian plateau is in Ethiopia (in Africa); Gianna Highland = South Africa; Okavango Basin / Swamp = In the southern part of Africa

17. Madagascar Plateau - Madagascar (Africa)

Central Highlands, Central High Plateau, or Hauts-Plateaux, is a hilly biological area in Central Madagascar. These include a compatible part of the interior of the island above 800 meters (2600 feet) high. The Central Highlands is separated from the North Lakes by the northern tip of Madagascar, separated from the Mandriva window, which apparently acts as a barrier to spread to the species in highlands, from which species like Volvo Gimonocadus And Volo Entsbabensis in the Northern and Middle Highlands. The species limited to the Central Highlands include bats ministers maneuver and ministers sources; Due to the continuous habitat of rodent bacteriosis bicetiloensis and Volo encebabensiites terarex hepatitis nigrapses and ororozoroces tetraactactils and Lemur Chiroglyas Sibriye Central Highlands, unlike the northern highlands, is the local area.

18. Australia Plateau - Western Australia

The Kimberley is Western Australia’s sparsely settled northern region. It’s known for large swaths of wilderness defined by rugged ranges, dramatic gorges, semi-arid savanna, and largely isolated coastline. The mostly unsealed (unpaved) Gibb River Road runs 660km through the region's heart, passing by Windjana Gorge National Park, which has towering limestone cliffs and pools where freshwater crocodiles gather.

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Pages

The book of earth

World ocean

1. Pacific Ocean

2.Atlantic Ocean

3.indian ocean

4.arctic ocean

5.Antarctic Ocean

World's main islands

Greenland (North Antarctica Sea)

Area(in sqm)- 21,75,000

New Guinea (Pacific Ocean)

Area (in sqkm)- 7,89,900

Borneo (Pacific Ocean

Area(in sqkm)- 7,51,000

Madagascar (Indian Ocean)

Area(in sqm)-5,87041

Baffin (Canada)

Area(in sqkm)-507451

Sumatra (Indonesia)

Area(in sqkm)- 422,200

Major Deserts of the World

1.sahara

2.great sandy dessert

3.arab

4.gobi

5.Kalahari

6.taklamakan

7.namib

8. thar

9.Atacama

Some of the world's major geographic discoveries

1.Himalaya

2.Andes

3.karakoram

4.great dividing range

5.alps

facts of planet earth

Geographical surnames of cities and countries page-2

Important borderlines

World map (glove) lines

1.isohypse

2.isobath

3.isobar

4.isohaline

5.isohel

6.isohyets

7.isonif

8.isoneph

9. Sam-Seismic Line

10.isotherm

longest largest biggest smallest tallest and highest in the world

longest largest biggest smallest tallest and highest in the world

longest largest biggest smallest tallest and highest in the world

Some Important Local Winds

World's major Plateau

1.Asia Miner Plateau - Turki

2.Anatolia Plateau - Turki

3.meseta Plateau - Spain

4.chiyapas Plateau - South Mexico

5.alaska Plateau / Ukraine - America

6.Columbia Plateau- America

7.great basin plateau - America

8.Colorado Plateau - America

9.Greenland Plateau - Greenland

10.Pamirs Plateau - Tibet

11.mexico's Plateau-Mexico

12.mongolian Plateau-Mongolia

13.bolivia plateau - Bolivia

14.Dekshini Plateau - India (India)

15.iranian Plateau - Iran

16.Abyssinian Plateau - Ethiopia / Somalia

17. Madagascar Plateau - Madagascar (Africa)

18. Australia Plateau - Western Australia

Solar System

the nearest star of our solar system

planet

dwarf planet

minor planets

Number of moons